When someone gives a valid withdrawal from a conspiracy, what are they criminally liable for?

• A. any criminal acts committed while member of conspiracy
• B. conspiracy
• C. Both
• D. Neither

Answer: (A)

The key idea is that withdrawal ends your participation in the conspiracy for future crimes, but it does not erase liability for what you already helped bring about. If you validly withdraw, you’re no longer responsible for acts planned or committed after you leave, but you remain criminally liable for any offenses that occurred while you were still a member of the conspiracy. So the correct understanding is that you’re liable for criminal acts committed during the time you were part of the conspiracy. Asking whether you’re liable for the conspiracy itself or for nothing at all would not fit how withdrawal works: past participation can be punished, while future participation is cut off by proper withdrawal.