Injuries caused by fragmentation and debris propelled from an explosion are classified as which type?

• A. Primary blast injuries
• B. Tertiary blast injuries
• C. Quaternary blast injuries
• D. Secondary blast injuries

Answer: (D)

In blast injuries, damage from fragmentation and debris is caused by projectiles from the explosion, not by the blast overpressure itself. These injuries occur when high-velocity fragments penetrate the body, causing penetrating wounds, lacerations, and tissue damage. This differs from injuries caused by the blast wave’s pressure, which affect air-filled organs and surfaces (primary injuries). It also differs from injuries from being thrown by the blast wind and impact with surrounding objects (tertiary injuries) and from burns or inhalation of materials (quaternary injuries). Therefore, fragmentation and debris propelled from an explosion classify as secondary blast injuries. In the field, treat for penetrating wounds and assess for retained fragments, while also monitoring for other blast-related injuries.